WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT DIABETES?

The human body is one of the most complex living systems on the planet. Therefore, for its well-coordinated work, clear mechanisms are needed, ready at any time to respond to a certain change from the outside. For example, it gets cold and to keep warm, the vessels instantly narrow.

The most important regulators of the body are enzymes. These are unique proteins that cannot be recreated in the laboratory. Even if you know their exact formula, they will not work outside of a living organism. Thanks to these unique hard workers, a person breathes, moves, eats, sleeps — in general, lives.
Unfortunately, sometimes the work of enzymes fails, and the consequences are often very serious. The most famous example of this pathology is diabetes mellitus. Which enzyme stops working in this case? Insulin in the body performs many functions, but one of the main ones is the ability to influence carbohydrate metabolism, in particular glucose. The human diet contains carbohydrates. They, it is worth emphasizing, should be included in the diet. If only because the brain is able to eat only one glucose.

One of the most popular and effective medicines for the treatment of diabetes is Metformin, which can be ordered online and without a doctor’s prescription.

Carbohydrates are simple and complex, consisting of a number of simple ones. For example, regular sugar contains a complex carbohydrate, sucrose, which, in turn, consists of two simple carbohydrates: glucose and fructose. Once in the body, any carbohydrate breaks down to the simplest, because they are easier to use.

Thus, when a person eats carbohydrates, they are broken down, eventually enter the blood-the body’s transport system. Being in the blood, carbohydrate, in particular glucose, can get to any organ that needs it. And the remaining, so far unusable glucose enters the liver and is stored there in the form of glycogen-animal fat. And this transformation can only happen due to the work of insulin. When it does not work properly or does not work at all, an excess of unused glucose accumulates in the blood. This is diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes has the meaning of “pass through”: it turns out that glucose passes through. What does it mean? Accumulating in excess, stray glucose gets into the eyes of the excretory system and is excreted in pure form in the urine. That is why the urine of patients with diabetes mellitus tastes sweet. Previously, when the level of glucose in the blood was not yet known, the diagnosis of diabetes was made precisely by the taste of urine.

However, diabetes mellitus has two types: insulin-dependent (type 1) and insulin-independent (type 2). How do they differ from each other?

In type 1, excess glucose remains in the blood, because there is simply not enough insulin. The pancreas, which is responsible for its production, either produces insulin in minuscule amounts, or does not produce it at all. Treatment of this type is aimed at eliminating the lack of insulin, which is replenished from the outside. However, taking insulin, even if carefully controlled, can lead to a glucose deficiency in the body: too much insulin was received and it took even the right glucose. Therefore, people with type 1 carry something sweet with them, in order to make up for the lack of glucose in case of anything.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is called insulin-independent, because there is plenty of insulin in the body, but it is not taken by the body. Therefore, for its treatment, drugs are prescribed to help restore sensitivity to insulin.

The main symptoms of insulin are constant thirst and urination, weight loss with a healthy appetite, dizziness, numbness in the extremities. In fact, it is quite difficult to diagnose diabetes mellitus in the early stages by external signs. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically check the blood sugar level on an empty stomach, especially for those who have diabetics in the family. After all, the role of heredity in this disease is decisive. Diabetes mellitus is not a contagious disease — its cause lies within. And external factors, such as obesity, constant stress and infections, increase the risk of developing it.

So what leads to an excess of glucose in the blood that diabetes is considered one of the most serious diseases? Lack of control over glucose leads to failure of all organs. First, glucose, being in the blood in excess, worsens blood circulation, which leads to a violation of the cardiovascular system. High blood pressure, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and stroke are characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Excess sugar in the blood disrupts the nerves. Hence numbness in the extremities, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and even sexual dysfunction. Since the excess glucose is excreted by the kidneys, the latter have to work hard, filtering the excess amount of carbohydrate — which is fraught with the development of kidney failure.

However, constant monitoring of blood sugar is necessary, first of all, to avoid the most serious complication — coma. It can be of two types: with an increased level of sugar — hyperglycemic, and with a reduced level-hypoglycemic. And such complications, which have already manifested themselves, are often difficult to correct.

Diabetes mellitus is not cured. If the diagnosis is made, then the person will live with it until the end. And what quality of life the patient will have depends, first of all, on him. Because it is very important to follow the therapy. It is equally important to stay ahead of the disease: do not be lazy and lead a healthy lifestyle, as well as at least once a year to undergo a check-up.